First Most Common Beef First Most Common Beef Breed
Over 70 breeds of cattle tin be found in the U.s.a. today. Withal, only about 12 to fifteen breeds have a major influence on the cattle industry.
Last week, we reviewed the near common breeds of dairy cattle. This week we'll look at the most common breeds of beef cattle in the United states of america, considering the same factors — appearance, hardiness, fertility, history and production uses.
Although a big portion of the beef industry relies on crossbreeding to raise the genetics of purebreds, management and consistency in product quality vary. Therefore, we volition focus on purebreds.
Angus
Advent
- Color: Black or cerise.
- Markings: None.
- Size: Medium. Cows weigh around 1,200 pounds; bulls weigh over one,800 pounds.
- Horns: Naturally polled.
Other characteristics
- Region: Nationwide.
- Living weather condition: Hardy cattle that tin can survive harsh winters, during snow and storms. Red Angus are said to adapt to warmer climates improve than the more ascendant Blackness Angus.
- Calves: Bulls are sought after for convenance and cows calve easily because of their dominant polled cistron. Additionally, Angus calves mature faster than other breeds. Purebred calves are ordinarily likewise pocket-size to go to market when they are built-in, so crossbreeding with dairy cattle is common for veal production.
- Health and temperament: Angus cattle are relatively docile and hardy. Fifty-fifty with minimal days on feed they manage to produce Prime and Choice class meats.
History
The first Angus cattle were brought to the United States in 1873 when George Grant imported them from Scotland to Kansas. Although the cattle were rejected at first, their value was eventually realized and 1,200 cattle were imported into the Midwest from 1878 to 1883.
Uses
Angus cattle are a staple of the American beef industry. It is the nigh common breed of beefiness cattle in the U.S., known for superior muscling and marbling qualities. To be labeled "Certified Angus Beef" by USDA Graders, cattle must meet 10 criteria:
- Pocket-sized or higher marbling
- Medium or fine marbling texture
- "A" maturity
- ten- to xvi-square-inch ribeye area
- Less than 1,050-pound hot carcass weight
- Less than i-inch fatty thickness
- Superior muscling
- No hump on the neck exceeding 2 inches
- Practically gratuitous of capillary ruptures
- No dark cutting characteristics
NOTE: Red and blackness varieties are considered split breeds in the United States, only take like characteristics, which is why they were combined.
Charolais
Appearance
- Color: White to creamy white.
- Markings: None.
- Size: Big. Cows weight 1,250 to 2,000 pounds and bulls counterbalance 2,000 to over 2,500 pounds.
- Horns: Naturally horned.
Other characteristics
- Region: Widespread in the United States. Introduced to southern states from Mexico, first, and later on to New England states from Canada.
- Living Conditions: Able to perform well under a variety of environmental conditions.
- Calves: Charolais cattle produce heavy calves. Bulls take developed a reputation for grading upwardly and herd comeback. Cows accept a relatively easy time calving.
- Health and temperament: Charolais are rugged, large muscled cattle. They are able to graze aggressively in warm weather and withstand cold weather. Although they are not the most docile brood, Charolais are gentle natured.
History
In 1934, Charolais cattle were brought to the United States from Mexico. Imports stopped in the mid-1940s due to an outbreak of Hoof and Mouth Disease. The quarantine between the U.s., Canada and United mexican states lasted until 1965 when Canada opened its doors again. New bloodlines were and then introduced to the New England states.
Uses
Charolais cattle are raised for beef. They are known for their superior growth ability and heavily muscled loins and haunches. They produce increased carcass weights, meliorate yield grades and more marbling.
Gelbvieh
Advent
- Colour: Red.
- Markings: None.
- Size: Large. On average, cows weigh around 1,650 pounds and bulls weigh around two,200 pounds.
- Horns: Originally horned, but now a majority are polled.
Other characteristics
- Region: Widespread throughout the United states. Ranks fifth in number of animals among beef breed associations in the United States.
- Living weather condition: Able to adapt to many different climate weather. In add-on to the U.S., they have been introduced in Spain, Portugal, Great Britain, Canada, Australia, and South Africa.
- Calves: The brood has superior fertility, calving ease, mothering ability, and growth rate of the calves.
- Health and temperament: Gelbvieh are known for their quiet temperament, quick maturity, longevity, muscling and high rate of grain and feed efficiency.
History
In July of 1971, Gelbvieh were introduced to the United States past Carnation Genetics by importing semen from Germany.
Uses
While the breed was originally selected for meat, milk and work, today, it is used primarily for beef product. Gelbvieh produce high cutout yields. They are known as a lean breed and a source of high quality, tender immature beef.
Hereford
Advent
- Color: Red and white.
- Markings: Hereford cattle are hands recognized by their hides, marked with a white face, crest, dewlap and underline.
- Size: Medium. Cows weight effectually 1,200 pounds and bulls weigh up to i,800 pounds.
- Horns: Herefords, typically, have brusque, which horns, but a polled strain has emerged in North America and the Britain.
Other characteristics
- Region: Worldwide.
- Living weather: The hallmark of the brood is its ability to produce a loftier yield of beef from eating native grasses. The hardy brood flourishes in a wide range of climates on near every continent, today.
- Calves: Herefords are known for their longevity. Many females produce calves beyond the age of fifteen years.
- Health and temperament: While Hereford cattle are considered a hardy breed because of their adjustability to various environments and ability to graze easily, they are known for a few wellness issues. Some common health risks include eye cancer, vaginal prolapse, dwarfism and higher chance for sun impairment due to the light pigmentation of their udders.
History
Hereford cattle originally came to the Us in 1817, when Henry Clay brought a bull and ii females to Kentucky. However, the first convenance herd was established in 1840 by William H. Sotham and Erastus Corning in Albany, New York.
Uses
Herefords were adult to produce a high yield of beef, while maximizing efficiency of product. These characteristics accept made Herefords one of the most popular breeds of cattle worldwide with more than 5 1000000 spread across over fifty countries.
Limousin
Appearance
- Colour: Calorie-free wheat to darker gilt ruby-red. In that location are also black varieties.
- Markings: None.
- Size: Large. Males range in size from 2,200 to 2,500 pounds. Females weigh betwixt ane,500 and 1,600 pounds.
- Horns: The Limousine is known for lighter horns, which curve forwards. However, many are dehorned equally calves. Additionally, polled varieties have been developed.
Other characteristics
- Region: Widespread throughout the U.s.a., and nowadays in near 70 countries worldwide.
- Living conditions: Limousins adapt easily to different climates and environments.
- Calves: A major reason Limousins accept become popular is because of their ease of calving.
- Health and temperament: Once known for poor temperament, Limousine cattle accept improved disposition over the years. They are also known for being heavily muscled and lean.
History
The Limousine breed got a tardily beginning in the United States when compared to others. The first bulls imported permanently into the United States arrived in the fall of 1971.
Uses
Limousins are selected fortheir higher dressing percentages and yield, loftier feed conversion efficiency and their power to produce lean, tender beefiness.
Shorthorn
Appearance
- Color: Ruby, white, roan.
- Markings: Ruddy and white (at least 30 percent red or white and 70 per centum the opposite), cherry-red with white marks (a ruddy body with some white marks on the underline, sides and i or more legs or face up), roan (an intermingling of red and white hair over the entire torso), also found in solid reds and whites.
- Size: Medium. Bulls counterbalance nearly 2,200 pounds and cows counterbalance 1,700 pounds.
- Horns: Yes, but tin can likewise be polled.
Other characteristics
- Region: Found throughout the United states of america.
- Living weather: Hardy and adaptable to various environments.
- Calves: Shorthorns are known for increased calving ease and fertility.
- Health and temperament: Shorthorns are known for their longevity, feeding efficiency and durability. They are also known for their docile temperament. One major drawback, acquired by a recessive gene is tibial hemimelia (Thursday), which causes severe deformities in newborn calves.
History
Although Shorthorns were introduced in the United States in 1783, they weren't separated into Milking Shorthorn and Beef Shorthorn breeds until the latter half of the 2th century.
Uses
Shorthorns produce high-quality beef with skillful marbling.
Simmental
Appearance
- Color: Traditionally, cherry-red and white. Still, are usually solid black and red colors in the United States today.
- Markings: Traditionally, a bulk cerise with white markings on their f ace, crest, dewlap, underline, tails and sometimes spotted backs. Before long, solid colored.
- Size: Big. Cows range in size from 1,500 to ii,000 pounds and bulls weight around 2,900 pounds.
- Horns: They tin be horned or polled.
Other characteristics
- Region: The American Simmental Clan registers well-nigh 80,000 cattle annually throughout the United states.
- Living conditions: Hands adaptable to different climates and production structures.
- Calves: Simmentals are known for calving ease and good mothering traits. They have short intervals between calving, high fertility rates and the ability to reproduce long-term.
- Wellness and temperament: Simmentals are heavily muscled, fine-lined, well conformed and docile. They are also known for high fertility, longevity, early on maturity, good growth rates and efficient feeding. They are besides easy to handle and make good grazers.
History
Simmental semen was introduced to the U.s. in 1967, followed by the offset Simmental bull in 1971.
Uses
Simmentals all over the world produce high beef yields. The heavy muscling, length and overall size and weight of the fauna are combined to produce high-quality carcasses of solid cherry-red meat with a minimum of waste fat.
Related Content
- How to make up one's mind if cattle are bulls, steers, cows or heifers
- How to identify common breeds of dairy cattle
Resources
- Oklahoma State Academy
- American Angus Association
- American International Charolais Clan
- American Gelbvieh Association
- American Hereford Association
- North American Limousin Foundation
- American Shorthorn Association
- American Simmental Association
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